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Bermuda taps Stellar to widen government blockchain payments

Bermuda taps Stellar to widen government blockchain payments

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Bermuda’s government is sticking to their plan of migrating their national economy onchain and is now partnering with the Stellar Development Foundation to move payments and other financial services onto its network, XLM. 

The island mentioned that its residents were facing processing costs of up to 10%, making the move onchain not just an attempt at modernizing the system, but a necessary step for retaining economic value.

Bermuda moves onchain

The Stellar Development Foundation and the Government of Bermuda announced today that Bermuda will begin moving its payment and financial activities onto the Stellar network (XLM). Bermuda revealed its plans to become the world’s first fully onchain national economy at the World Economic Forum in January this year.

The announcement explains that local merchants currently pay 3% to 5% per transaction in card fees, and effective payment processing costs can reach as high as 10% in some categories. Introducing the use of digital assets and infrastructure will keep more of that value on the island.

Under the plan, Bermudian residents will be able to receive wages, pay local merchants, settle government fees, and hold, send, and receive digital assets through digital wallets on the Stellar network.

Government agencies expect to pilot stablecoin-based payments, financial institutions will be able to integrate tokenization tools, and residents can participate in nationwide digital literacy programs. Digital assets may also be used for government payment systems related to social service disbursements.

“The lack of mobile money applications and reliance on legacy payments infrastructure has left Bermudians paying high payment processing fees and hindered additional economic growth opportunities,” The Hon. E. David Burt, JP, MP, Premier of Bermuda said.

Denelle Dixon, the CEO and Executive Director of the Stellar Development Foundation, added that Stellar was built for the purpose of seamlessly connecting the global financial system.

Before Bermuda, the Philippines had also launched a blockchain transparency system called Integrity Chain for its Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) after citizens held mass protests over corruption in flood-control projects.

An estimated 130,000 people protested on September 21, 2025, demanding accountability after reports of overpriced contracts, substandard construction, and ghost projects. The Australian Institute of International Affairs shared that the Philippines allocated over $33 billion to flood-control projects across 15 years.

What other blockchain initiatives is Bermuda working on?

Cryptopolitan recently reported that the Bermuda Monetary Authority (BMA), the island’s central bank and financial regulator, recently completed an “Embedded Supervision Solution” with Chainlink (LINK), Apex Group, Bluprynt, and Hacken.

The solution, announced earlier this month, demonstrates how rules can be built directly into digital asset infrastructure and enforced in real time. The system uses Chainlink’s Automated Compliance Engine (ACE) to check every transaction against Bermuda’s policies.

With Proof of Reserve, it verifies that digital dollars are backed by real money in a bank account. It also uses Secure Mint to stop new coins from being issued when reserve limits have been reached.

Apex Group, acting as an independent fund administrator with $3.5 trillion in assets serviced across 52 countries, supplies authenticated reserve data from third-party custodians. Hacken’s Extractor platform provides real-time onchain monitoring with a detection speed of 250 to 500 milliseconds.

The market has not shown significant price action following today’s announcement. XLM is trading around $0.1622, down approximately 4.82% over 24 hours, according to CoinMarketCap data.

XLM has spent most of 2026 trading below $0.20, fluctuating primarily within the $0.15 to $0.18. The 0.20 level now serves as both technical resistance and a major psychological barrier. Above this level, the next resistance zone sits around $0.22 to $0.25. On the downside, support clusters around the $0.15 to $0.16 range.

Notably, the CME Group began rolling out futures for XLM in February 2026, but the impact on XLM’s price has remained limited, and the futures listing has not yet generated enough buying momentum to push the token out of its sideways range.

According to the Stellar Foundation, the network surpassed $2 billion in onchain real-world asset (RWA) value in the first quarter of 2026. Data from DeFiLlama shows that the network currently has a stablecoin market capitalization of approximately $ 415 million, with its daily decentralized exchange (DEX) volume around $1.83 million.

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Crypto to enter the US banking system through a backdoor, not through regulation

Crypto to enter the US banking system through a backdoor, not through regulation

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For most of its life, crypto lived outside the financial system. If you wanted to move dollars in or out of an exchange, that money still had to pass through a regular bank somewhere along the way. Most people assumed it would stay that way until Washington finally decided how to regulate it.

But that assumption is now breaking down. In March 2026, a regional Federal Reserve bank approved a limited account for Kraken, the first time a crypto exchange has ever been allowed to plug directly into the US central bank’s payment system. More approvals could follow, and the GENIUS Act, passed last year, has cleared a path for ordinary banks to start issuing their own digital dollars.

None of this needed a sweeping “crypto law”: it was a series of smaller, technical decisions that have added up and changed the picture entirely.

Crypto may not be waiting for permission anymore. It may already be finding a way in.

What a “backdoor into the system” actually means

The US financial system runs on a set of payment networks operated by the Federal Reserve. Banks use them to move money between each other, settle transactions at the end of the day, and tap dollar liquidity when they need it. The most important, called Fedwire, moves trillions of dollars between banks every single day.

To use those networks, an institution needs an account at the Fed, which was historically reserved for licensed banks. Everyone else had to rent access by going through a partner bank that already had one.

That’s what just changed. Kraken’s banking unit now has its own direct line into the Fed’s payment system, without routing dollars through another bank first. The account is limited, which means it won’t have interest on reserves or access to the Fed’s emergency lending, but it lets Kraken settle its own dollar transactions on the same infrastructure banks use.

Think of the difference this way: instead of using a third-party app to talk to your bank, you have your own connection to the bank’s back end. Faster, cheaper, and no longer dependent on a middleman that can say no.

For years, US crypto policy has moved slowly, pulled between agencies that didn’t agree on the basics. At the same time, demand for crypto services from big institutional investors hasn’t gone away. They want cleaner, regulated ways to touch the asset class.

So the system is adapting practically, not politically.

The GENIUS Act gave digital dollars their first real federal rulebook and effectively invited regulated banks into the market. Regulators began handing out special charters that let nonbank firms like Circle operate with bank-like privileges.

The Fed opened a public comment period on a lighter-weight account designed for payment-focused firms. Wyoming’s crypto-friendly bank charter, once treated as an experimental oddity, became the legal vehicle that carried Kraken through the door.

All of this means that your bank’s exposure to digital assets is going up, either through partners, products, or its own tokens. Citi has said it’s targeting a 2026 launch of crypto custody. A group of major global banks, including JPMorgan, Bank of America, and Goldman Sachs, has explored a jointly-backed digital dollar. Even if you never buy crypto, it will now sit on the edges of the account you already have.

This comes with quite a few risks for markets, though. When the pipes between crypto and traditional finance get wider and shorter, money moves faster in both directions, and so do shocks.

For crypto, direct access to payment systems is a stamp of legitimacy that would have been unthinkable a few years ago. But it also means it loses the “outside the system” identity that defined it, and takes on some of the same responsibilities.

The more connected crypto becomes, the less isolated its risks are.

The real tension: stability or contagion for crypto?

One view (call it the normalization case) is that pulling crypto inside the regulated perimeter makes everyone safer. Companies with direct Fed access have to meet stricter standards, and reserves get easier to monitor. This is a net positive for users, as they end up with fewer opaque middlemen between their dollars and the exchange. When seen through this lens, integration reduces risk rather than creating it.

The other view is hard to ignore, as the scares from the 2008 financial crisis are still fresh for many.

The US banking lobby reacted to the Kraken decision by warning that lightly regulated companies like this with direct access to the payment system introduce all kinds of money-laundering and operational risks. However, they would also open a Pandora’s box of new risks: in a panic, money could actually flood into these new accounts, draining deposits from the community banks and credit unions that fund the real economy.

The Bank Policy Institute, representing the country’s largest banks, said the approval happened before the Fed Board had even finished writing its own rulebook for these accounts.

The question underneath this fight is pretty simple: if crypto becomes part of the system, does it make the system stronger or more fragile?

Financial crises are rarely about the risk everyone is watching. They’re a result of the connections no one modeled, and many believe that the new direct connection between crypto markets and the Fed’s payment rails is exactly that kind of linkage.

The subtle part

Part of what makes a huge shift like this hard to see is that nobody is announcing it as one.
There’s no press conference where “crypto joins the banking system,” because there doesn’t need to be. A regional Fed approval here, a stablecoin rulebook there, and a charter granted to a firm most people have never heard of.

Each of these items is boring on its own terms, which is why they clear without the kind of political fight that most comprehensive crypto laws have been stuck in for years.

More crypto firms will almost certainly follow Kraken once the Fed finalizes its lighter-weight account framework, and the approvals will be granted one at a time, in different Federal Reserve districts, with conditions that take pages of legal language to unpack.

Big banks will keep rolling out custody services and their own digital dollars as ordinary product launches, not ideological statements, while the Kraken cybersecurity incident this spring (an extortion attempt built around insider access) hands the banking lobby exactly the kind of material it needs to argue that lightly regulated firms shouldn’t be sitting on the same rails as JPMorgan.

A comprehensive crypto market-structure law may still pass, and probably will eventually, but by the time it does, the thing it’s meant to govern will already have been built around it, and the interesting question will no longer be what the rules say but how much of the system has stopped needing them.

The post Crypto to enter the US banking system through a backdoor, not through regulation appeared first on CryptoSlate.

Stablecoin payments soar past $5T while FX fees fall behind

Stablecoin payments soar past $5T while FX fees fall behind

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Stablecoin transaction volumes have reached a significant inflection point, surpassing $5 trillion across approximately one billion payments throughout 2024, according to data compiled by Visa and blockchain analytics firm Allium. The milestone underscores a fundamental shift in how digital assets are being deployed for payments, moving beyond speculative trading into practical settlement infrastructure.

Since the U.S. presidential election in November, the combined market value of major stablecoins has climbed to $255 billion—a gain of roughly 47 percent. Market observers attribute the acceleration to three converging factors: renewed investor confidence in digital assets, improving regulatory frameworks, and expanding corporate adoption of blockchain-based payment rails.

Industry Context and Market Scale

The stablecoin market emerged roughly a decade ago as a response to inherent limitations in cryptocurrency ecosystems. Bitcoin’s extreme volatility made it unsuitable for commerce. Traditional payment processors required days to settle international transfers. Stablecoins—digital assets pegged to fiat currencies or commodity baskets—promised to bridge these gaps by combining blockchain’s settlement speed with currency stability.

Today, the stablecoin market encompasses multiple issuers and technical approaches. USDC, issued by Circle, represents one institutional-grade offering backed by dollar reserves and subject to regular attestations. Tether’s USDT dominates by volume, though it has faced periodic questions regarding reserve composition and issuer transparency. Newer entrants including PayPal’s PYUSD and emerging central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are reshaping the competitive landscape.

The $255 billion market capitalization, while substantial, remains modest relative to the global payments ecosystem. Annual cross-border remittances alone exceed $800 billion. International trade settlement volumes reach trillions daily. This context suggests stablecoins currently represent emerging infrastructure rather than incumbent disruption—significant enough to warrant attention from major financial institutions, but not yet large enough to fundamentally alter global payment patterns.

The one billion payments milestone carries particular significance because it demonstrates adoption breadth. Transaction counts matter as much as transaction values in assessing whether technology is becoming integral infrastructure or remaining a niche tool. One billion payments suggests meaningful integration across retail, wholesale, and institutional user bases.

The Promise vs. the Reality

Stablecoins were explicitly designed to address longstanding inefficiencies in global payments. Speed is one genuine advantage. In jurisdictions historically underserved by traditional banking infrastructure, transactions that previously required multiple days can now settle in minutes. This capability opens economic opportunity for both individuals and businesses in markets where access to reliable payment networks remains limited.

Stablecoins are finally delivering on their long-touted promise: offering a faster, simpler, and cheaper alternative to outdated payment systems.

— Allium, Blockchain Analytics Firm

Cost reduction, however, tells a more complicated story. Despite technological innovation, stablecoins have not eliminated the hidden expenses embedded in foreign exchange conversion. When a payment crosses currency borders—whether euros converting to Hong Kong dollars or any other pairing—multiple layers of friction persist. Spreads, conversion fees, intermediary margins, and market slippage all add up.

The problem intensifies during on-ramps and off-ramps, when cryptocurrency must transition into traditional banking rails. These gateway moments carry their own transaction costs that blockchain technology alone cannot eliminate. The structure of global currency markets means that some costs are inherent to the system itself.

Key Context

Foreign exchange revenue remains a primary profit center for traditional banks and payment providers. This structural incentive means institutions have limited motivation to disrupt the pricing model that stablecoins theoretically promise to undercut. Global banks earn an estimated $150-200 billion annually from foreign exchange services, creating powerful resistance to cost compression.

The FX Ceiling

Mike Robertson, chief executive of FX infrastructure provider AbbeyCross, offers a blunt assessment of the stablecoin industry’s blind spots. The sector frequently operates under the assumption that better technology can eliminate all inefficiency—a perspective Robertson characterizes as fundamentally naive when applied to currency conversion.

Each currency operates under different dynamics. If money is being made in a particular area, its value remains.

— Mike Robertson, CEO, AbbeyCross

Currency values reflect economic realities specific to each jurisdiction. Those realities do not disappear because transactions now occur on a blockchain. Traditional financial institutions have built substantial revenue streams around foreign exchange pricing. Most banks earn considerably more from FX than from transaction processing fees alone. This structural revenue model creates persistent resistance to the cost compression that stablecoins promise.

For stablecoins to achieve their stated goal of genuinely cheap cross-border payments, the industry must contend with economics, not merely technology. The foreign exchange market operates on margins that reflect currency risk, liquidity management, and regulatory capital requirements. A stablecoin issuer cannot arbitrarily eliminate these costs—they can only redistribute them across different stakeholders in the payment chain.

Regulatory entities in major jurisdictions are increasingly requiring stablecoin issuers to maintain reserves and satisfy disclosure requirements that themselves carry operational costs. These compliance expenses ultimately flow through to end users, even if the blockchain layer itself executes transfers more efficiently than traditional banking rails.

Targeting Underserved Routes

Some emerging payment companies are pursuing a more pragmatic strategy. Rather than attempting to displace established corridors dominated by traditional banking, they are focusing on routes that existing networks have historically neglected or underserved.

London-based payments startup BVNK concentrates on “exotic” payment corridors—transfers between markets like Sri Lanka and Cambodia. These routes typically require multiple intermediaries, extending settlement timelines and inflating costs. Sagar Sarbhai, the firm’s Asia-Pacific managing director, notes that stablecoins streamline the process by reducing intermediary layers, even if absolute costs have not collapsed to zero.

BVNK currently processes approximately $15 billion in annual transaction volume. The firm’s focus reflects a market reality: improvements in speed and capital efficiency can create significant value even when pricing has not fundamentally reset. For businesses conducting international operations across Southeast Asia, reductions in settlement time from five business days to hours represent material operational improvements, regardless of absolute basis points saved.

Singapore-based Thunes and Toronto-headquartered Aquanow are pursuing similar models. Both companies are building bridges between blockchain settlement and “last mile” conversion into local currencies and consumer wallets. Their approach involves partnerships with stablecoin issuers and larger corporate entities that have sufficient transaction volume to justify infrastructure investment.

This market segmentation suggests a durable role for stablecoins: not replacing traditional finance wholesale, but optimizing specific corridors where blockchain’s advantages outweigh its limitations. Companies targeting annual volumes of $10-50 billion find product-market fit through this focused approach.

Market Development

Companies targeting underserved corridors are finding product-market fit not by competing on absolute price, but by delivering meaningful improvements in speed, transparency, and capital efficiency relative to alternatives available in those specific markets. This pragmatic positioning suggests the stablecoin market will mature through niche optimization rather than universal displacement of legacy systems.

Regulation as Catalyst

The regulatory environment has begun shifting in ways that could accelerate institutional adoption of stablecoins. The GENIUS Act, signed into U.S. law on July 18, 2025, established a federal framework for stablecoin oversight. The legislation provides legal certainty that institutional investors and financial institutions have long demanded before committing substantial capital.

Parallel legislative efforts are advancing in both the House and Senate, introducing additional proposals that would provide federal assurance mechanisms for stablecoin issuance and redemption. Circle, the issuer of USDC, has been closely monitoring these regulatory developments through its Secure team.

Clear regulatory pathways reduce legal uncertainty and encourage financial institutions to participate in stablecoin infrastructure. This institutional participation represents a qualitative shift—moving stablecoins from primarily retail and speculative use cases toward settlement infrastructure that major financial players can integrate into their operations. Banks can now justify technology investments in blockchain infrastructure when regulatory frameworks provide clear guardrails for compliance.

The convergence of regulatory clarity, expanding transaction volumes, and targeted product development suggests the stablecoin market is entering a more mature phase. The $5 trillion volume milestone and 47 percent year-over-year growth in stablecoin market capitalization indicate sustained institutional and retail engagement. However, the persistence of foreign exchange costs reminds participants that technology cannot unilaterally resolve economic incentives embedded in global financial systems. Progress will likely remain incremental rather than transformative, with stablecoins becoming an essential component of hybrid payment networks rather than wholesale replacements for traditional banking infrastructure.

For current developments in this space, track Ethereum and other blockchain platforms driving stablecoin innovation, as well as ongoing cryptocurrency market developments that shape institutional participation.

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